Matrix Theory: Review of fundamentals, equivalent matrices, elementary row (column) operations, rank of a matrix by reducing it to the normal form, rank of a matrix by reducing it to echelon form.

Mathematical Logic: Connectives, Negation, Conjunction, Disjunction, conditional, bi-conditional, statement formulas, Tautology and contradiction, Equivalence formulae.
Normal forms: Principle conjunctive and disjunctive normal forms, Theory of inferences for statement calculus validating using truth tables.

Graph Theory: Definition of a Graph, Finite and infinite Graphs, Incidence and Degree of a vertex, Null Graph, Sub graphs, Walks, Paths, Circuits, Connected, Disconnected graphs and Components, Euler Graph, Hamiltonian Path and Hamiltonian Circuits.

Trees and Matrix Representation: Properties of Trees, Distance and Centres in a Tree, Rooted and Binary Trees, Spanning Trees and Fundamental Circuits. Cutset, properties of a Cutset.
Matrix Representation of graphs: Incidence matrix, Circuit matrix, Fundamental Circuit matrix, Cutset matrix, Path matrix, Adjacency matrix.
Planar and Dual Graphs: Planar Graphs, Kurtowski’s two Graphs, Different Representations of a Planar Graph, Detection of Planarity.

Directed Graphs: Definition, Some types of Digraphs, Digraphs and Binary relations, Directed paths and Connectedness, Euler Digraphs, Trees with directed edges, Fundamental Circuits in Digraphs, Adjacency Matrix of a Digraph.

Introduction, Characteristics of Computers, Block diagram of computer. Types of computers and features, Mini Computers, Micro Computers, Mainframe Computers, Super Computers.
Types of Programming Languages (Machine Languages, Assembly Languages, High Level Languages).
Data Organization, Drives, Files, Directories.
Types of Memory (Primary And Secondary): RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM.
Secondary Storage Devices (FD, CD, HD, Pen drive).
I/O Devices (Scanners, Plotters, LCD, Plasma Display).
Number Systems: Introduction to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal system Conversion, Simple Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication.

Algorithm: Definition, Characteristics, Advantages and disadvantages, Examples.
Flowchart: Definition, Define symbols of flowchart, Advantages and disadvantages, Examples.

DOS History, Files and Directories, Internal and External Commands, Batch Files, Types of Operating System.

Features of MS – Windows, Control Panel, Taskbar, Desktop, Windows Application, Icons, Windows Accessories, Notepad, Paintbrush.

Basic Concepts, Examples: MS-Word, Introduction to desktop publishing.

Purpose, usage, command, MS-Excel, Creation of files in MS-Access, Switching between applications, MS-PowerPoint.

History, Structures of ‘C’ Programming, Function as building blocks.
Language Fundamentals: Character set, C Tokens, Keywords, Identifiers, Variables, Constant, Data Types, and Comments.

Operators: Types of operators, Precedence and Associativity, Expression, Statement and types of statements.
Built-in Operators and Functions: Console based I/O and related built-in I/O functions: printf(), scanf(), getch(), getchar(), putchar().
Concept of header files, Preprocessor directives: #include, #define.

Decision-making structures: if, if-else, Nested if-else, switch.
Loop control structures: while, do-while, for, Nested for loop.
Other statements: break, continue, goto, exit.

Addition / Multiplication of integers, Determining if a number is +ve / -ve / even / odd, Maximum of 2 numbers, 3 numbers,
Sum of first n numbers, given n numbers, Integer division, Digit reversing, Table generation for n, a^b,
Factorial, Sine series, Cosine series, nCr, Pascal Triangle, Prime number, Factors of a number,
Other problems such as Perfect number, GCD numbers etc.
(Write algorithms and draw flowcharts), Swapping.

Basic types of functions, Declaration and definition, Function call, Types of function, Parameter passing,
Call by value, Call by reference, Scope of variable, Storage classes, Recursion.

Gates (OR, AND, NOR, NAND, XOR & XNOR); Demorgan’s laws; Boolean laws;
Circuit designing techniques: SOP, POS, K-Map.

Multiplexers; Decoder; Encoder; Adder and Subtracter.

ROMs, PROMs, EPROMs, RAMs, Hard Disk, Floppy Disk and CD-ROM.

Flip-Flop (RS, D, JK, Master-slave, and T flip-flops); Registers & Shift registers; Counters;
Synchronous and Asynchronous Designing methods.

Basic cell of static and dynamic RAM; Building large memories using chips;
Associative memory; Cache memory organisation and Virtual memory organisation.

Meaning and Definition, Process, Functions, Objectives, Importance, Essentials of good communication,
Communication barriers, 7C’s of Communication.

Meaning, nature and scope, Principles of effective oral communication, Techniques of effective speech,
Media of oral communication: Face-to-face conversation, Teleconferences, Press Conference, Demonstration, Radio Recording, Dictaphone,
Meetings, Rumour, Demonstration and Dramatisation, Public address system, Grapevine, Group Discussion, Oral report, Closed circuit TV.
The art of listening, Principles of good listening.

Purpose of writing, Clarity in Writing, Principles of Effective Writing, Writing Techniques, Electronic Writing Process.

Need and functions of business letters, Planning & layout of business letters, Kinds of business letters,
Essentials of effective correspondence, Purpose, Kind and Objective of Reports, Writing Reports.

Enquiries and replies, Placing and fulfilling orders, Complaints and follow-up,
Sales letters, Circular letters, Application for employment and resume.

Word Processor, Telex, Facsimile (Fax), E-mail, Voice mail, Internet, Multimedia, Teleconferencing,
Mobile Phone Conversation, Video Conferencing, SMS, Telephone Answering Machine,
Advantages and limitations of these types. Group Discussion, Mock Interview, Decision Making in a Group.